The US government has made another on-chain move.

On August 28, 2025, the US Department of Commerce announced that it will begin publishing real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) data on 9 blockchains starting from July 2025.

At the same time, Chainlink also announced a collaboration with the US Department of Commerce to put 6 key US economic data points on-chain across 10 blockchains.

What exactly is going on? Why are the numbers of blockchains different? How are they being put on-chain? This article briefly analyzes these questions.

Hash: US Department of Commerce Puts GDP File Hash On-Chain

On August 28, 2025, the Bureau of Economic Analysis announced a revision of the annual growth rate of real GDP for the second quarter of 2025 to 3.3%.

In addition to real GDP data, the Bureau of Economic Analysis also released nominal GDP, real final sales to private domestic purchasers, real Gross Domestic Income (GDI), the average of real GDP and real GDI, the gross domestic purchases price index, the Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) price index, and the core PCE price index.

The document was released in PDF format: https:/www.bea.gov/sites/default/files/2025-08/gdp2q25-2nd.pdf

Subsequently, the US Department of Commerce announced that it had published the official hash value of the PDF file for the Q2 2025 GDP data (and in some cases, the total GDP value) to the following 9 blockchains: Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, TRON, Stellar, Avalanche, Arbitrum One, Polygon PoS, and Optimism.

In other words, the US Department of Commerce downloaded the aforementioned PDF file and performed a SHA256 hash operation on it, obtaining the hash result:

c70972a12908b73c2407d9cc6842ba2a02203a690f3090cd29f30c45f0cfd93d

This hash value was then published on the 9 blockchains, either in the form of a memo or as data embedded in a smart contract, along with the total data (depending on the blockchain).

The transaction hash or smart contract address for each blockchain is as follows:

Bitcoin transaction hash:

fcf172401ca9d89013f13f5bbf0fc7577cb8a3588bf5cbc3b458ff36635fec00

Ethereum smart contract address:

0x36ccdF11044f60F196e981970d592a7DE567ed7b

Solana transaction hash:

43dJVBK4hiXy1rpC5BifT8LU2NDNHKmdWyqyYDaTfyEeX8y3LMtUtajW3Q22rCSbmneny56CBtkictQRQJXV1ybp

TRON transaction hash:

3f05633fb894aa6d6610c980975cca732a051edbbf5d8667799782cf2ae04040

Stellar transaction hash:

89e4d300d237db6b67c 510f71c8cd2f690868806a6b40a40a5a9755f4954144a

Avalanche smart contract address: 0x36ccdF11044f60F196e981970d592a7DE567ed7b

Arbitrum One smart contract address: 0x36ccdF11044f60F196e981970d592a7DE567ed7b

Polygon PoS smart contract address: 0x36ccdF11044f60F196e981970d592a7DE567ed7b

Optimism smart contract address: 0x36ccdF11044f60F196e981970d592a7DE567ed7b

So what about Chainlink?

Feed: Chainlink Feeds 6 Data Points On-Chain

Unlike the US Department of Commerce, which only put the PDF file hash on-chain, Chainlink is feeding 6 key US economic data points as Data Feeds onto 10 blockchains.

These 6 data points are: Real GDP, Real GDP Annualized Growth Rate, PCE Price Index, PCE Price Index Annualized Growth Rate, Real Final Sales to Private Domestic Purchasers, and Real Final Sales to Private Domestic Purchasers Annualized Growth Rate.

Chainlink initially supports 10 blockchains: Arbitrum, Avalanche, Base, Botanix, Ethereum, Linea, Mantle, Optimism, Sonic, and ZKsync.

Chainlink also stated that updates will be made monthly or quarterly as needed, and more blockchain networks will be gradually supported in the future based on user demand.

Conclusion

The significance of Chainlink's action is potentially greater than that of the US Department of Commerce merely uploading a file hash.

By feeding government macroeconomic data through an oracle, innovative use cases can be unlocked for the crypto market, such as serving as a data source for prediction market outcomes, issuing crypto assets linked to official data, creating inflation-pegged crypto products, and more.

This move by the US Department of Commerce and Chainlink to place some US official data on-chain is certainly a sign of the government's further acceptance of blockchain technology.

However, it should be noted that many in the crypto industry have long been aware that blockchain only guarantees the immutability of data on-chain; the reliability of the uploaded data itself is questionable. Some US government data has long been subject to market skepticism, including by former President Trump himself.

For instance, the GDP data released this time by the Bureau of Economic Analysis is its Second Estimate.

The Bureau of Economic Analysis releases multiple revisions of quarterly GDP data to more accurately reflect economic conditions. The Advance Estimate is the first release, typically about one month after the quarter ends. The Second Estimate is released about one month after the Advance Estimate, incorporating more data for correction and providing a more accurate economic picture. This is followed by a Third Estimate (or Final Estimate), which is the last estimate based on even more comprehensive data.